苏ICP备112451047180号-6
中小企业人力资源管理问题的研究以及解决方案
摘 要
随着中国市场经济的不断深化，企业竞争日趋激烈，人力资源作为最具
活力、最具发展前景、最具收益的战略资源，成为企业参与竞争和谋求发展的主
导因素。人力资源是企业最重要的竞争资源。本文通过定量调查、定性分析等方
式对浙江民营企业的人员招聘、培训、薪酬管理、绩效考核、激励措施等人力资
源管理问题进行了调查分析，认为民营企业在人力资源管理方面仍处于传统人事
管理阶段，人力资源管理机构定位低，对培训投入严重不足，且缺乏有效的激励
机制。导致的原因有民营企业对人力资源管理重视程度不够，加上受传统中国人
情关系的影响，人力资源管理的目标不清，各种管理手段效果不佳。且民营企业
生产部门效率不高、不能及时补充货源，销售部门应收帐款回收情况不理想等问
题都可以归结到人力资源管理中去解决。要解决这一问题，不仅要提高认识，而
且要不断完善人力资源管理体系，在员工激励、人员配置和企业文化建设等方面
下功夫。
关键词：民营企业；人力资源管理；问题分析；建议
目 录
1 引言 ···································································································································· 4
2 民营企业人力资源管理相关概念 ······································································· 1
2.1 民营企业概念与特点 ································································································· 1
2.2 人力资源管理的定义及其内容 ··············································································· 2
3 民营企业加强人力资源管理的必要性 ····························································· 3
3.1 人力资源管理的一般作用 ························································································ 3
3.2 民营企业的经营规模和人员规模不断扩大·························································· 4
3.3 加强人力资源管理有助于提高民营企业的竞争力············································· 4
3.4 人力资源管理能够提高员工的工作绩效 ······························································ 4
4 民营企业人力资源管理案例分析 ······································································· 5
4.1 A 公司创业及发展历史 ······························································································ 5
4.2 A 公司人力资源管理现状·························································································· 6
4.2.1 人力资源管理职能挂在总经理办公室 ······································································7
4.2.2 人力资源制度分散在各岗位制度中 ·········································································· 7
4.2.3 有较为明确的薪酬奖励体系······················································································ 7
4.3 A 公司人力资源管理问题及原因·············································································7
4.3.1 民营企业管理者自身素质和观念问题 ······································································7
4.3.2 缺乏人力资源的战略规划 ························································································· 7
4.3.3 机构设置不到位，缺乏专业的人力资源管理者 ·······················································8
4.3.4 企业薪酬激励约束制度不到位·················································································· 8
4.3.5 民营企业的人员流失严重并缺乏控制 ······································································9
4.3.6 家族式管理模式使人力资源获取存在封闭性 ··························································· 9
4.3.7 对职位没有进行详细的工作分析············································································ 10
5 民营企业走出人力资源管理困境的对策 ······················································ 10
5.1 制定人力资源规划，形成有效的人才梯队························································ 10
5.1.1 制定人力资源规划··································································································· 10
5.1.2 形成有效的人才梯队 ······························································································· 11
5.2 内部招聘与外部招聘结合的招聘方式 ································································ 11
5.3 实施现代人力资源管理方案 ·················································································· 12
5.2.1 人力资源规范化管理——3P模式 ··········································································· 12
5.2.2 对管理人员实行年薪制 ··························································································· 13
5.4 民营企业管理资源不足，可实施人事外包························································ 14
5.5 建立富有凝聚力的企业文化 ·················································································· 14
结 论 ·································································································································· 16
致 谢 ·································································································································· 17
参考文献 ····························································································································· 18
甚至还要艰难些，很多企业都呈现出“昙花一现，步履维艰”的现象。进入知识
经济时代后，我国的企业迫切需要高素质的人力资源。但是企业自产生时就由于
各种历史原因导致企业本身先天不足，而在其发展中又由于低水平的管理模式，
落后的人才观念，不完善的薪酬制度，缺乏沟通与交流，忽视员工的学习、培训
及人才自身事业的发展和职业生涯规划，还有企业主的人格缺陷等使得企业的发
展受困于自身的“人才陷阱”。即一方面急需高素质的人才，另一方面在得到高
素质的人才后很难凭着有效的人力资源管理在较长时间内留住人才，并发挥其最
大潜能。
民营企业独具的灵活性和创新性，使其无论是在企业数量还是提供就业机会
上都对我国的国民经济作出了重要的贡献，在我国国民经济中占有重要的地位。
尽管民营企业在如此环境中不断发展壮大，为社会稳定、经济发展作出了不可忽
视的贡献，但由于其自身的、历史的原因，在发展的过程中急需规范管理。目前
我国有很大一部分民营企业在人力资源方面存在众多的问题，没有建立起真正意
义上的人力资源战略体系。据统计GDP的50%以上，社会就业岗位的70%以上都
来自民营民营企业。而据对民营企业调查，被问到制约企业发展最重要的资源时，
63%企业主认为是融资，47%回答是产品销售，38%认为是市场开拓，只有33%
的企业主将人才和提高内部人力资源放在迫切需要解决议程上。这种人力资源管
理上的滞后已经成为制约民营企业成长和发展的重大难题。
通过定量调查、定性分析等方式对浙江民营企业的人员招聘、培训、薪酬管
理、绩效考核、激励措施等人力资源管理问题进行了调查分析，为浙江民营企业
的人力资源管理研究进行有益的探索。
参考文献
[1] 赵彦峰. 管人细节全书[M]. 企业管理出版社，2005 .
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23-26.
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摘 要
随着中国市场经济的不断深化，企业竞争日趋激烈，人力资源作为最具
活力、最具发展前景、最具收益的战略资源，成为企业参与竞争和谋求发展的主
导因素。人力资源是企业最重要的竞争资源。本文通过定量调查、定性分析等方
式对浙江民营企业的人员招聘、培训、薪酬管理、绩效考核、激励措施等人力资
源管理问题进行了调查分析，认为民营企业在人力资源管理方面仍处于传统人事
管理阶段，人力资源管理机构定位低，对培训投入严重不足，且缺乏有效的激励
机制。导致的原因有民营企业对人力资源管理重视程度不够，加上受传统中国人
情关系的影响，人力资源管理的目标不清，各种管理手段效果不佳。且民营企业
生产部门效率不高、不能及时补充货源，销售部门应收帐款回收情况不理想等问
题都可以归结到人力资源管理中去解决。要解决这一问题，不仅要提高认识，而
且要不断完善人力资源管理体系，在员工激励、人员配置和企业文化建设等方面
下功夫。
关键词：民营企业；人力资源管理；问题分析；建议
目 录
1 引言 ···································································································································· 4
2 民营企业人力资源管理相关概念 ······································································· 1
2.1 民营企业概念与特点 ································································································· 1
2.2 人力资源管理的定义及其内容 ··············································································· 2
3 民营企业加强人力资源管理的必要性 ····························································· 3
3.1 人力资源管理的一般作用 ························································································ 3
3.2 民营企业的经营规模和人员规模不断扩大·························································· 4
3.3 加强人力资源管理有助于提高民营企业的竞争力············································· 4
3.4 人力资源管理能够提高员工的工作绩效 ······························································ 4
4 民营企业人力资源管理案例分析 ······································································· 5
4.1 A 公司创业及发展历史 ······························································································ 5
4.2 A 公司人力资源管理现状·························································································· 6
4.2.1 人力资源管理职能挂在总经理办公室 ······································································7
4.2.2 人力资源制度分散在各岗位制度中 ·········································································· 7
4.2.3 有较为明确的薪酬奖励体系······················································································ 7
4.3 A 公司人力资源管理问题及原因·············································································7
4.3.1 民营企业管理者自身素质和观念问题 ······································································7
4.3.2 缺乏人力资源的战略规划 ························································································· 7
4.3.3 机构设置不到位，缺乏专业的人力资源管理者 ·······················································8
4.3.4 企业薪酬激励约束制度不到位·················································································· 8
4.3.5 民营企业的人员流失严重并缺乏控制 ······································································9
4.3.6 家族式管理模式使人力资源获取存在封闭性 ··························································· 9
4.3.7 对职位没有进行详细的工作分析············································································ 10
5 民营企业走出人力资源管理困境的对策 ······················································ 10
5.1 制定人力资源规划，形成有效的人才梯队························································ 10
5.1.1 制定人力资源规划··································································································· 10
5.1.2 形成有效的人才梯队 ······························································································· 11
5.2 内部招聘与外部招聘结合的招聘方式 ································································ 11
5.3 实施现代人力资源管理方案 ·················································································· 12
5.2.1 人力资源规范化管理——3P模式 ··········································································· 12
5.2.2 对管理人员实行年薪制 ··························································································· 13
5.4 民营企业管理资源不足，可实施人事外包························································ 14
5.5 建立富有凝聚力的企业文化 ·················································································· 14
致 谢 ·································································································································· 17
参考文献 ····························································································································· 18
1 引言
改革开放以来，我国各行各业都涌现出了一大批“风光一时”的企业和企业
家。但随着大批企业在发展过程中在经济现象中走出“倒U曲线”，一批又一批
的企业家也就随风而逝。从整体看，民营企业的发展状况比国营企业在许多方面改革开放以来，我国各行各业都涌现出了一大批“风光一时”的企业和企业
家。但随着大批企业在发展过程中在经济现象中走出“倒U曲线”，一批又一批
甚至还要艰难些，很多企业都呈现出“昙花一现，步履维艰”的现象。进入知识
经济时代后，我国的企业迫切需要高素质的人力资源。但是企业自产生时就由于
各种历史原因导致企业本身先天不足，而在其发展中又由于低水平的管理模式，
落后的人才观念，不完善的薪酬制度，缺乏沟通与交流，忽视员工的学习、培训
及人才自身事业的发展和职业生涯规划，还有企业主的人格缺陷等使得企业的发
展受困于自身的“人才陷阱”。即一方面急需高素质的人才，另一方面在得到高
素质的人才后很难凭着有效的人力资源管理在较长时间内留住人才，并发挥其最
大潜能。
民营企业独具的灵活性和创新性，使其无论是在企业数量还是提供就业机会
上都对我国的国民经济作出了重要的贡献，在我国国民经济中占有重要的地位。
尽管民营企业在如此环境中不断发展壮大，为社会稳定、经济发展作出了不可忽
视的贡献，但由于其自身的、历史的原因，在发展的过程中急需规范管理。目前
我国有很大一部分民营企业在人力资源方面存在众多的问题，没有建立起真正意
义上的人力资源战略体系。据统计GDP的50%以上，社会就业岗位的70%以上都
来自民营民营企业。而据对民营企业调查，被问到制约企业发展最重要的资源时，
63%企业主认为是融资，47%回答是产品销售，38%认为是市场开拓，只有33%
的企业主将人才和提高内部人力资源放在迫切需要解决议程上。这种人力资源管
理上的滞后已经成为制约民营企业成长和发展的重大难题。
通过定量调查、定性分析等方式对浙江民营企业的人员招聘、培训、薪酬管
理、绩效考核、激励措施等人力资源管理问题进行了调查分析，为浙江民营企业
的人力资源管理研究进行有益的探索。
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