苏ICP备112451047180号-6
385Q涡流式柴油机气缸盖设计及动力学计算
摘要：气缸盖是发动机的重要结构件之一。为了让内燃机正常地工作，设计者要确保活塞、气缸盖、连杆、气缸体和曲轴之间维持一个很精准的相对位置，并保持其结构刚度与强度。在内燃机运作过程中，缸盖既要承受螺栓预紧力，也要承受循环变动的燃气压力的负荷力。气缸盖在柴油机工作时直接与高温燃气接触，同时工作温度很高且温度的分布不均匀，从而产生非常大的应力梯度和热应力。柴油机为压燃式，压缩比比较高；再由于气缸盖本身结构复杂，因此评判一台发动机的好坏,可以说气缸盖的设计起到了关键的作用。
我的任务是根据市场需求，进行385Q柴油机的开发工作。完成气缸盖的设计任务，并对85系列柴油机的设计开发提供相关技术数据。我根据385Q柴油机的参数指标对气缸盖进行了动力计算。并参照485Q柴油机缸盖的图纸设计了385Q柴油机气缸盖。使用Autocad绘制图纸、并用Excel做图表。同时做了选择缸盖材料、计算缸心距等工作，希望能够改善柴油机的性能。
关键词：柴油机 气缸盖 设计 动力计算
385Q vortex diesel engine cylinder cover design and dynamic calculation
Abstract The cylinder head is one of the important structural parts of the engine. In order for the internal combustion engine to work properly, the designer should ensure that the piston, connecting rod, cylinder head, cylinder block and crankshaft maintain a very precise relative position and maintain its structural strength and stiffness. The cylinder head in which it plays a very key role.The cylinder head should bear the bolt preload, but also bear the cycle of changes in the pressure of the gas pressure in the operation of the internal combustion engine. At the same time, the cylinder head is in direct contact with the high temperature gas, the working temperature is high and the temperature distribution is uneven, resulting in a very large thermal stress and stress gradient.Diesel engine are basically compression-type, and its compression is relatively high; and then because the cylinder head itself is complex, high dimensional accuracy, resulting in its mechanical load and heat load is high. The cylinder head of the physical properties is very important in the high temperature and pressure,. Therefore, the judge of a good or bad engine, it can be said that the cylinder head design played a key role.
My task is according to market demand, development work 385 diesel engine. Complete the four-cylinder machine to change the three-cylinder machine design tasks and provide relevant technical data design and development of 85 series diesel engine. I calculated and selected the parameters of the three-cylinder cylinder head according to the parameters of the 385 diesel engine. And then refer to the 385 diesel cylinder head of the drawings to design their own three-cylinder cylinder head.And use Autocad to draw drawings. Using Excel to do the calculation of the law of the cylinder head force. At the same time, the choice of head materials, as well as cooling water setting cylinder center distance is selected for in-depth thinking and design, hoping to improve the performance of diesel engines.
Keywords: diesel engine cylinder head design dynamic calculation
结论：
本次课程设计我完成了385Q气缸盖的设计。我对气缸盖的各项工作参数进行了较为详尽的计算，并对气缸盖的冷却水道、壁厚与缸心距进行了一些调整和改良。这使得气缸盖有更好的散热性能、强度和刚度。通过几个月的努力，我更深入地了解了汽车发动机的设计、气缸盖的设计生产过程。加强了我专业知识的同时，体会到了设计者的烦恼和精益求精的工匠精神。
短短半学期的课程设计令我感慨良多。从开始查找资料到完成整个缸盖的设计，每一个看似简单的任务实际操作起来都会遇到很多问题。文献翻译、Excel的使用，从动力计算到CAD画图，只有亲身经历过才知道其中的不易。从中我深刻认识到了自己存在的不足之处。真正明白了只有不断学习，不断创新，不断进步才能拿得出更好的作品。为汽车行业甚至是为人们生活和人类的未来作出些许贡献。
摘要：气缸盖是发动机的重要结构件之一。为了让内燃机正常地工作，设计者要确保活塞、气缸盖、连杆、气缸体和曲轴之间维持一个很精准的相对位置，并保持其结构刚度与强度。在内燃机运作过程中，缸盖既要承受螺栓预紧力，也要承受循环变动的燃气压力的负荷力。气缸盖在柴油机工作时直接与高温燃气接触，同时工作温度很高且温度的分布不均匀，从而产生非常大的应力梯度和热应力。柴油机为压燃式，压缩比比较高；再由于气缸盖本身结构复杂，因此评判一台发动机的好坏,可以说气缸盖的设计起到了关键的作用。
我的任务是根据市场需求，进行385Q柴油机的开发工作。完成气缸盖的设计任务，并对85系列柴油机的设计开发提供相关技术数据。我根据385Q柴油机的参数指标对气缸盖进行了动力计算。并参照485Q柴油机缸盖的图纸设计了385Q柴油机气缸盖。使用Autocad绘制图纸、并用Excel做图表。同时做了选择缸盖材料、计算缸心距等工作，希望能够改善柴油机的性能。
关键词：柴油机 气缸盖 设计 动力计算
385Q vortex diesel engine cylinder cover design and dynamic calculation
Abstract The cylinder head is one of the important structural parts of the engine. In order for the internal combustion engine to work properly, the designer should ensure that the piston, connecting rod, cylinder head, cylinder block and crankshaft maintain a very precise relative position and maintain its structural strength and stiffness. The cylinder head in which it plays a very key role.The cylinder head should bear the bolt preload, but also bear the cycle of changes in the pressure of the gas pressure in the operation of the internal combustion engine. At the same time, the cylinder head is in direct contact with the high temperature gas, the working temperature is high and the temperature distribution is uneven, resulting in a very large thermal stress and stress gradient.Diesel engine are basically compression-type, and its compression is relatively high; and then because the cylinder head itself is complex, high dimensional accuracy, resulting in its mechanical load and heat load is high. The cylinder head of the physical properties is very important in the high temperature and pressure,. Therefore, the judge of a good or bad engine, it can be said that the cylinder head design played a key role.
My task is according to market demand, development work 385 diesel engine. Complete the four-cylinder machine to change the three-cylinder machine design tasks and provide relevant technical data design and development of 85 series diesel engine. I calculated and selected the parameters of the three-cylinder cylinder head according to the parameters of the 385 diesel engine. And then refer to the 385 diesel cylinder head of the drawings to design their own three-cylinder cylinder head.And use Autocad to draw drawings. Using Excel to do the calculation of the law of the cylinder head force. At the same time, the choice of head materials, as well as cooling water setting cylinder center distance is selected for in-depth thinking and design, hoping to improve the performance of diesel engines.
Keywords: diesel engine cylinder head design dynamic calculation
目 录
摘要........................................................1
第一章绪论.................................................3
1.1 内燃机概论........................................................3
1.2 柴油机的现状......................................................4
1.3 柴油机技术........................................................4
1.4 环境污染..........................................................5
1.5 柴油机的研究意义..................................................6
第二章柴油机气缸盖的设计...................................8
2.1 柴油机设计的基本要求..............................................8
2.2 气缸盖设计的总体思路..............................................8
2.3 气缸盖的结构......................................................9
2.4 气缸盖的材料.....................................................11
2.5 壁厚的选择.......................................................12
2.6 缸心距的计算.....................................................13
2.7 气缸盖的冷却.....................................................14
第三章 动力计算............................................16
3.1 485Q涡流式柴油机技术参数........................................16
3.2运动学计算.......................................................17
3.2.1 活塞的位移.....................................................17
3.2.2 活塞速度.......................................................18
3.2.3 活塞加速度.....................................................18
3.2.4 往复惯性力.....................................................19
3.2.5 气体作用力.....................................................20
3.2.6 连杆作用力.....................................................21
3.2.7 切向力和径向力.................................................21
第四章
结论.................................................................23
致谢.................................................................24
参考文献.....................................................25
结论：
本次课程设计我完成了385Q气缸盖的设计。我对气缸盖的各项工作参数进行了较为详尽的计算，并对气缸盖的冷却水道、壁厚与缸心距进行了一些调整和改良。这使得气缸盖有更好的散热性能、强度和刚度。通过几个月的努力，我更深入地了解了汽车发动机的设计、气缸盖的设计生产过程。加强了我专业知识的同时，体会到了设计者的烦恼和精益求精的工匠精神。
短短半学期的课程设计令我感慨良多。从开始查找资料到完成整个缸盖的设计，每一个看似简单的任务实际操作起来都会遇到很多问题。文献翻译、Excel的使用，从动力计算到CAD画图，只有亲身经历过才知道其中的不易。从中我深刻认识到了自己存在的不足之处。真正明白了只有不断学习，不断创新，不断进步才能拿得出更好的作品。为汽车行业甚至是为人们生活和人类的未来作出些许贡献。
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