公路隧道透水原因分析与防治措施

摘要

随着国民经济的迅速发展，我国交通运输事业得到了蓬勃发展。公路隧道作为公路工程建设中的一个重要结构物，也迎来了规模空前的建设热潮。因其在改善路线线形、缩短里程和行车时间、提高运营效益以及减少占地面积等方面发挥的重要作用，必将得到更为广泛的推广和发展。

但是，我国地域自然条件差异较大，公路隧道穿越的山体地质及水文等条件复杂多变。由于对局部软弱围岩、膨胀性围岩以及对衬砌有侵蚀性的环境水等调查不足；未能采用加强衬砌结构或防治措施不当；部分地段公路隧道衬砌施工质量缺陷等，造成了许多运营公路隧道出现透水。如透水处治不当就会出现渗漏水，不但不易修缮而且影响公路隧道正常运营，造成公路隧道衬砌和通风、照明及消防设备的腐蚀损坏，造成路面积水使行车环境恶化，从而降低行车速度和安全性能。因此对公路隧道透水进行相关研究是十分必要的。

本文从公路隧道透水的类型入手，从施工角度分析了公路隧道透水产生的原因,再现透水特征及破坏形式，得出公路隧道透水产生及发展规律，从而对公路隧道设计、施工以及透水病害的防治提出一些粗浅见解。

关键词：公路隧道；衬砌；裂缝；产生原因；预防；治理

Abstract

With the rapid development of national economy, transport undertakings have developed vigorously in our country. Tunnel as a highway (railway) is a very important part in engineering construction structure,also ushered in the unprecedented building boom.Tunnel in the improvement of the route, shorten the distance and travel time, improve the operating efficiency and reduce the area played an important role,will get more extensive promotion and development.

However, the regional differences in natural conditions in our country, tunnel through the mountain complex geological and hydrological conditions, the local weak surrounding rock and swelling rock and transform Qi You corrosive environment such as water survey, failed to use improper measures, strengthening prevention and control of lining structure or sections of tunnel lining construction quality defects, such as tunnel in tunnel lining crack caused many operation. Such as lining crack treatment inappropriate lining will appear, not only is not easy to repair and affect the normal operation of tunnel, tunnel lining and all kinds of ventilation, lighting and fire fighting equipment corrosion damage,worsen water surface driving environment, thereby reducing driving speed and safety performance. So the relevant study on the tunnel lining crack is very necessary.

From the type of tunnel lining crack, this paper analyzed from the points of view of the construction of tunnel lining crack reason, represent the lining crack characteristics and damage forms, draw a tunnel lining crack and the law of development, thus the design and construction of the tunnel and tunnel lining crack disease prevention and control of some shallow opinions are put forward.

Key Words: Tunnel Lining Crack； The cause of prouduct； Prevent Administer

第一章目前国内公路隧道透水研究方法及现状 1

一、现场原位试验 1

二、室内模型试验 1

三、理论与数值分析 1

第二章公路隧道衬彻裂损变形的现状和主要危害 2

一、现场原位试验 2

二、公路隧道透水的主要危害 2

第三章公路隧道衬砌开裂的类型 3

一、按裂缝与公路隧道轴向相互关系分类 3

二、按照衬砌受力变形形态和裂口特征分类 4

第四章公路隧道透水观测方法 6