苏ICP备112451047180号-6
electron technology
Electron technology is a kind of rising technology in the end of the nineteenth century it has the most rapid development and been the most widely used in modern science and technology in the beginnin of the twentieth century . it has become an important symbo new technology based on the principle of electronics , electronic technology applies electronic devices to design and manufacture some specific function circuit for solving the practical problems of science . electronic technology is mainly used in electronic signal processing . the main processing methods are signal generation amplification , filtering and conversion.
电子技术
电子技术电子技术是一种在第十九世纪末新兴技术具有最快速发展，是现代科学技术中应用最广泛的第二十世纪的开始。它已成为一个重要的标志新技术基于电子学的原理，电子技术应用电子设备和解决实际问题的科学制造某种特定功能的电路设计。电子技术主要用于电子信号处理。主要的处理方法是信号产生放大、滤波和转换。
The first generation of electronic product is based on electronic tube . in the late of the 1840s , the first semiconductor transistor wasborned . it is compact , lightweight , energy-saving , long life , and soon replace the tube . in the end of the 1950s , the first integrated circuit appeared . it puts a lot of transistors and other electronic components integrated on a silicon chip , and makes electronic products smaller ic has the rapid development for the lsi and the vlsi , so that the directions of development of the electronic produc are high-performance , low consumption , high accuracy , hi stability intelligent direction , and so on . in general , electroni technology is divided into analog electronic technology and digital electronics technology
第一代电子产品是基于电子管。在19世纪40年代后期，第一半导体晶体管出生。它结构紧凑，重量轻，节能，寿命长，很快更换管。世纪50年代末，第一个集成电路出现。它把大量的晶体管和其他电子元件集成在一个硅芯片上，使电子产品小型集成电路的大规模集成电路和超大规模集成电路的飞速发展，使电子产品的发展方向是高性能、低功耗、高精度、高稳定性的智能化方向发展，等等。一般来说，电子技术分为模拟电子技术和数字电子技术。
The conventional analog electronic circuit is mainly composed of some electronic devices , such as rectifier circuit , amplifier circuit oscillator circuit , transform circuit , and other basic electronic devices . as well as some basic function circuits which Is composed of the various uses of the device or system . the conventional analog electronic circuit is the main circuit in the form of an electronic device . the electronic circuit has been widely used In telecommunications , broadcasting , television , computer nd industrial control . in the transmission of information , it has the performances of rapid , sensitive , accurate , easy to implement remote control , compact , reliable , and easy to use , so the electronic circuit becomes the extremely important part of the modern and advanced science and technology .
传统的模拟电子电路主要由整流电路、放大电路、振荡电路、变换电路等基本电子器件组成。以及一些基本功能电路组成的各种用途的设备或系统。传统的模拟电子电路是电子器件的主电路。电子电路已广泛应用于通信、广播、电视、计算机和工业控制中。在信息传输方面，它具有快速、灵敏、准确、易于实现远程控制、小巧可靠、使用方便等特点，因此电子电路成为现代先进科学技术的重要组成部分。
The main features of the analog amplification circuit are as follows The processed signals are continuously varying analog signals such as audio signals , television pulse signal , temperature , pressure changes , and so on .
模拟放大电路的主要特点如下：所处理的信号是连续变化的模拟信号，如音频信号，电视脉冲信号，温度，压力变化等 。
the triode in the analog circuit acts as a zoom component , rather than in the digital circuit , the triode acts as a switch .
在模拟电路中的三极管作为放大元件，而不是在数字电路中，三极管作为开关。
Analysis methods main ly adopt the graphic method and the mall signal equivalent circuit method to analyze the sta tic and dynamic working conditions of the amplification circuits in the digital ircuits . the logic algebra , the truth table , karnaugh map , and state ansformation graph are often used to analyze the logical relationships between the input and output .
分析方法主要采用图解法和小信号等效电路的方法来分析数字回路放大电路的静态和动态工作条件。逻辑代数，真值表，卡诺图和状态转化图经常被用来分析输入和输出之间的逻辑关系。
Generally , the digital signal is referred to the discrete electrical signal changing in time and the values . this change are occurring in a series of discrete moments , that is , the signal always changes back and forth between high level and low level . the digital circuit is used to process the digital signal of the electronic circuit . the processing operations incl the digital signal transmission , logic operation , control , counting storage , display , pulse waveform generation and transformation , and so on .
一般来说，数字信号被称为离散电信号的时间和值的变化。这种变化发生在一系列离散的时刻，即信号总是在高电平和低电平之间来回变化。数字电路用于处理电子电路的数字信号。的处理操作，包括数字信号的传输、逻辑运算、控制、计算存储、显示、脉冲波形的产生和变换，等等。
Modem digital circuits are constructed from a number of digital integrated device made by the semiconductor process . modem digital circuits only transmit two state information namely o and 1 for the logical operations . its main features are as follows .
现代数字电路是由一个数字集成器件制造的半导体工艺。调制解调器数字电路只传输两个状态信息，即O和1的逻辑运算。其主要特点如下。
the semic uctor devices of the digital circuits are working in the switch state .
在数字电路中生为此器件工作在开关状态。
The signals of the digital circuits are discontinuous changing ulse signals .
数字电路的信号是连续变化的脉冲信号。
The analysis methods of the digital circuits commonly include the logic algebra , the truth tables , karnaugh map the status transformation map and so on.
数字电路的分析方法通常包括逻辑代数、真值表、状态转换图卡诺图等。
Because the digital circuits have the advantages of simplestructure , easy manufacture , low cost , reliable work , and so on they have been widely used in automatic control , measuring Instruments communications , science and technology.
因为数字电路具有结构简单、 制造容易、 成本低、 工作可靠，等等他们已经广泛应用于自动控制的优点，测量仪器通信、 科学和技术。
In recent years , the rapid progress of the programmable log device cpld ) and especially the field programmable gate array ( fpga , give the digital electronic technology a new situation larger scale , the combination of hardware and software , more perfect function , and more flexible use.
近年来，对可编程器件的快速进步日志），特别是现场可编程门阵列（FPGA，给数字电子技术的一个新的情况，规模较大，硬件和软件，功能更完善，使用更灵活的组合。
Ingeneral , an electrical machine can be defined as an apparat hat can be used either to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy . if such a machine is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy , it is called a motor : however , if it is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy , it is called a generator . Any given machine can convert energy in either direction and can therefore be used either as a motor or as a generator . such conversion is facilitated through the action of a magnetic field . a generator has a rotary motion provided by a prime mover which supplies mechanical energy input . the relative motion between the conductors and the etic field of a generator produces an electrical energy output . on he other hand , a motor has electrical energy supplied to its windings d a magnetic field that generates an electromagnetic interaction to roduce mechanical energy or torque.
一般来说，电机可以被定义为一个机关的帽子可以将电能转换成机械能或将机械能转换成电能。如果这种机器被用来将电能转换成机械能，它被称为电动机。然而，如果它被用来将机械能转换成电能，它就叫做发电机。任何给定的机器可以在任一方向上转换能量，因此可以作为电机或发电机使用。通过磁场的作用，这样的转换是容易的。发电机具有由原动机提供机械能输入的旋转运动。导线和发电机的电磁场之间的相对运动产生电能输出。另一方面，电机的绕组的电能供给一个磁场，产生电磁相互作用产生的机械能或扭矩。
In general , each machine has a nonmoving . e . , stationary pa a moving . e . , nonstationary part . depending on whether such achine functions as a generator or a motor , themoving part that is tached to a mechanical system receives mechanical input or provides echanical output . the motion of such a moving part can be lineare . , as in linear motors ; vibrating or reciprocating(e . g . , as in various ectrical razors ) ; or rotating.
在一般情况下，每台机器都有一个不动的。E。，静止的，移动的。E。非平稳部分。根据是否为发电机或电动机的机器功能，运动的一部分，是连接一个机械系统接收输入或输出提供工程机械。这样一个运动部件的运动可以佛甲草。在直线电机中；振动或往复运动(E.G.，在各种生产剃须刀）：或旋转。
a given synchronous machine can operate as a generator or as a motor . such machines are used as motors in constant-speed drives in industrial applications and also for pumped-storage stations . in mall sizes with only fractional horsepower , they are used in electric clocks , timers , record players and in other applications which require onstant speed . synchronous motors with frequency changers such as inverters or cycloconverters can also be used in variable-speed drive application . an overexcited synchronous motor with no load can be used as a synchronous capacitor or synchronous condenser to corre power factors.
给定的同步电机可以作为发电机或电动机运行。这种机器被用作电机在恒速驱动器的工业应用，也为抽水蓄能电站。在商场的大小只有小马力，他们采用的是电子时钟，计时器，记录玩家和其他需要恒速度的应用。随着变频器如逆变器、变频器也可用于同步电动机调速中的应用。一个过度兴奋的同步电机无负载可以作为同步电容器或同步冷凝器与功率因素。
In a synchronous machine , the armature winding is on the stator nd the field winding is on the rotor . in normal operation the three phase stator currents in the three-phase distributed stator winding set up a rotating magnetic field . the synchronous machine rotors are simply rotating electromagnets which have the same number of poles as the stator winding . the rotor winding is supplied from an external dc source through slip rings and brushes ; therefore , it produces a rotor magnet ield . since the rotor rotates in synchronism with the stator magnetic field , the total magnetic field is the result of these two-fields.
在同步电机中，电枢绕组在定子上，磁场绕组在转子上。在正常运行时三相定子绕组中的三相定子电流设置一个旋转磁场。同步电机的转子是旋转电磁铁具有相同数目的磁极和定子绕组。转子绕组是由外部直流电源通过滑环和电刷供给；因此，它产生的转子磁场。由于转子与定子磁场的同步旋转，总磁场是这两个领域的结果。
The stator of a synchronous machine is basically similar to that f a three-phase induction machine . the stator winding is the source of voltage and electric power when the machine is operating as a generator , and the input winding when it is operating as a motor . it Is usually made of preformed stator coils in a double-layer winding e winding itself is distributed and chorded to reduce the harmonic ontent of the output voltages and currents.
同步电机的定子与三相异步电机基本相同。定子绕组是发电机运行时的电压和电能的来源，当电机运行时，输入绕组是电动机。它通常是由预制的定子线圈绕组双层绕组E本身是分布式的，调和以降低输出电压和电流的谐波含量。