毕业设计我帮你

自动分拣和传送控制系统综述
自动分拣和传送控制系统是一种先进的传送设施，当今社会节奏逐渐加快，先进的生产设备已经不可缺少，只有像自动分拣和传送控制系统这样的设备才能满足一个企业的生产要求，传统的人工生产速度慢，效率低，而且不能在恶劣的环境下工作，自动分拣系统充分的解决了这些缺点，它可以是产品大批量的成批生产，对一个企业和国家的经济发展起到了快速的推动作用。
如今，自动分拣和传送控制系统已经广泛应用于各行各业，特别是在物流和工厂的生产线使用最为广泛，但由于自动分拣和传送控制系统的建设成本比较大，一些小型企业还无法应用，这也说明了自动分拣和传送控制系统的不足之处，它在生产建设中依然还无法实现普遍化，但日益增长的经济建设和社会需求使得自动分拣和传送控制系统不得不得到广泛应用，同时，由于自动分拣和传送控制系统的投入使用，充分节省了人力，物力，它可以不考虑环境，温度等很多因素，这些人工所不能取代的特点也充分奠定了它的应用地位，自动分拣和传送控制系统在西方国家投入使用较早，日本等国也应为自动分拣和传送控制系统获得了经济的突飞猛进，我国虽然在自动分拣和传送控制系统上的研究和使用较晚，但我们已经在一定的方面追上了世界先进水平，我们还是要继续升入的研究如何才能将自动分拣和传送控制系统更广泛的应用于社会各个层次，各个行业，是我们的经济，技术赶超世界各国。在第二次世界大战之后，在西方发达国家逐渐投入使用自动分拣和传送控制系统 ，自动分拣和传送控制系统的使用成为发达国家先进的物流中心，配送中心和必要的设施条件循环中心之一。
(1)自动分拣和传送控制系统可以连续、高容量的自动分拣货物这样的系统可以用于生产流水线，而且自动分拣和传送控制系统不受气候的影响，时间的限制，人们的身体体力不足的限制，可以连续运行，与此同时，由于自动分拣和传送控制系统在某一段时间内分拣的数量很多，所以它可以连续运行100小时以上，每小时可以分拣7000-8000分类包装产品，如使用手动排序只能每小时分拣150-200件左右，同时分拣工人不能连续工作8小时也不能超过这个劳动强度。
(2)自动分拣和传送控制系统的分类错误率极低，自动分拣和传送控制系统的分类误差的大小主要取决于输入的信息的准确性大小，进而取决于分类信息输入机制，使用人工键盘输入或语音识别方式,出错率就会超过3%，如使用条码扫描输入，除非条形码印刷转身有错误，否则它不会出错。因此,自动分拣和传送控制系统主要使用条形码技术来识别商品。
(3)大多数有关于分拣的作业基本上实现无人操作，自动分拣和传送控制系统在国外建立的目的主要是为了减少人员的使用，减少工人的劳动强度，并通过此装置来提高人员的工作效率，所以自动分拣和传送控制系统可以减少人员的使用，基本是无人的使用，这在有些国家人口负增长的情况下是很有利于经济的增长的。自动分拣本身不需要使用人员，人员仅限于使用运载工具在分拣的开始和结束的地方进行运输，由人工控制的自动分拣和传送控制系统，通过人工来进行保养和维护。
有资料显示，美国一家公司的分拣中心面积大概有10万平方米左右,他们使用自动分拣和传送控制系统每天可以分拣大约40万件商品，但仅仅只有大概三四百名工作人员，自动分拣和传送控制系统的投入基本使其实现了无人化作业。
自动分拣和传送控制系统的可靠性，优越性，它的应用领域以及自动分拣和传送控制系统的经济效益，成本等诸多方面是自动分拣和传送控制系统的应用前景上所要考虑的。
由于自动分拣和传送控制系统的使用用户要有一定的技术和经济条件,因此,在发达国家,物流中心、配件或流通中心没有使用自动分拣系统的现象也常见。自动分拣和传送控制系统因为一些自身的问题，在某种程度上，限制了其应用领域和范围。自动分拣系统的引进和建设必须考虑以下条件。
自动分拣和传送控制系统的第一次性投资巨大，其本身需要建立一个短40 ~ 50米，机械传动线长150 ~ 200米，并形成一套完整的机电一体化控制系统,计算机网络和通信系统，该系统不仅占地面积大，而且和一般的自动分拣系统也不一样，一般的自动分拣系统是建立在仓库中，所以自动分拣和传送控制系统要建立这样一个3 ~ 4层楼高的立体仓库，仓库里面需要配备各种自动化的处理设施，他的投资相当于在建立一个自动化公司。而且，这种投资在前期是不会盈利的，它需要很多年的时间才会收回成本，所以，这样的工程对于一些小企业是没有资金进行投资建设的。
自动分拣和传送控制系统对于商品包装要求也很高，有很多商品并不能进行自动分拣，自动分拣和传送控制系统只适用于排序有平坦的底部和严格规则的包装产品。打包货物，柔软而不均匀的底部包装商品，包装很容易变形，容易损坏，长，纤细，超重、超高，不能推翻的商品不能用正常的自动分拣系统排序，所以为了充分利用商品使用的包装机械，可以采取两个措施：一是实施标准化包装，商品的包装尽量符合国家标准，其次，根据大多数商品包装的特征的统一定制特质的自动排序和传输控制系统，定制特质的自动排序和分布控制系统，又使系统的硬件成本上升，并且特质的系统不能在市场上大量的投入使用。所以公司要根据商品的情况和资金等多方面因素来考虑是否需要简历特质的自动分拣和传送控制系统。
自动分拣和传送系统的大小和能力有很大发展，当前大型排序系统最排序数十到数百种物品，分类能力达到一个多小时一万件左右。相对于国内,国外的自动分拣和传送控制系统规模较大，主要包括饲料表、信号板，分拣机，排序信息识别系统,设备控制系统和计算机管理系统等几个部分，还配备了周边各种运输和装卸机械，形成一个巨大而复杂的系统。大多数自动分拣和传送控制系统和自动化立体仓库,配合自动引导车、拖链电车和其他复杂系统，分类系统的整体布局，可以说是千变万化的。
欧美各国在自动分拣和传送控制系统上发展最早，技术也比较成熟，目前处于世界领先地位。在60年代是美国和欧洲开始使用自动分拣和传送控制系统，自动分拣和传送控制系统在第二次世界大战后开始在日本发展，在近十几二十年由于我国经济发展迅速，所以，我国的自动分拣技术也在不断进步发展着，1970——1985年我国共有338台自动分拣机投入运行，其中储运业占58.32%，销售业占17.15%。到1987年我国就已经拥有自动分拣机1000台，可以说是世界上拥有自动分拣和传送控制系统最多的国家。
自动分拣和传送控制系统技术在我国起步较晚,但经过近些年的发展，已经勉强跟上国际先进水平,但缺乏技术创新能力，物流的系数小限制了自动分拣技术的使用，大多数的小超市配送中心仍然由人工分拣。在80年代,我国最初是采用小型半自动分拣系统对一些邮政包裹进行分拣机排序。1990年第11届亚运会引入一组来自荷兰的，有三个入口，60个出口自动分拣系统，建立了北京食品配送中心，一个小时可以交付3000件商品，使中国制造的自动分拣技术有了很大的飞跃。现在排序技术已用于我国各行各业,让这个链接效率都得到了很大的提高。
邮政部门最先开始使用自动分拣和传送控制系统，大量的信件和邮件包裹都要在极短的时间内正确分拣，如果没有自动分拣和传送控制系统是不可能实现的。此后，运输企业、配送中心、通讯出版部门、烟草部门、出版行业、食品化工、造纸业、化工业、机械制造以及各类工业企业都开始引进并使用了自动分拣和传送控制系统。
在过去的20年中，尤其是物流行业，随着经济的发展和生产，商品逐渐变得“短小而精干”，物流循环倾向于小批量多品种和及时。排序作业已经成为一个重要的工作环节，排序系统应用越来越普遍。目前大部分的配送中心和物流企业是人工分拣。但随着分拣量的增加，物流点的增加、物流输送时间的不同，分拣时间缩短和服务质量的提高，人工分拣已经将无法满足大规模的需求分布。所以，在这个上面，自动分拣和传送控制系统仍然有待于提高。一些外国分拣配送中心已经开始使用分拣系统，充分发挥排序技术来快速排序，自动排序，出错率低，效率高，基本上完全自动操作的优点。日本物流专家认为，在现时代的用户对多种小批量的需求逐渐增大的背景下，物流技术的三个主要措施是自动分拣机，自动化仓库和无人自动引导车辆。自动分拣机是一种最接近成熟的产品，这是自动分拣在物流技术的地位和现状最好的概括。自动分拣系统成为现代物流的三大标志。
 
 
Automatic sorting and transmission control system is a kind of advanced facilities, today's society gradually speeding up, the pace of the advanced production equipment is indispensable, only equipment such as automatic sorting and transmission control system can meet the production requirements of an enterprise, the traditional manual production speed is slow, low efficiency, and can't work under harsh environment, automatic sorting system fully solve these shortcomings, it can be a batch of mass production, of a company and the country's economic development has played a role in promoting rapid.
    Today, automatic sorting and transmission control system has been widely used in all walks of life, especially in the logistics and factory production line most widely used, but due to the automatic sorting and transmission control system of the construction cost is large, some small businesses cannot be applied, it also illustrates the automatic sorting and transfer the deficiency of control system, it is still in production and construction can't realize the generalization, but the increasing economic construction and social demand make automatic sorting and transmission control system is widely applied to, at the same time, as a result of the automatic sorting and transmission control system put into use, fully saves the manpower, material resources, it can not consider the environment, many factors such as temperature, can't replace by the artificial features also laid the application status of it in full, automatic sorting and transmission control system put into use early in the western countries, Japan and other countries also should be automatic sorting and transmission control system 
(1) automatic sorting and transmission control system can be continuous, high capacity of automatic sorting goods such a system can be used to production line, and automatic sorting and transmission control system is not affected by the climate, the limit of time, the limitation of people's physical strength is insufficient, can run continuously, at the same time, due to the automatic sorting and transfer of control system for a certain period of time the number of sorting a lot, so it can be the continuous running 100 hours per hour can be classified sorting, 7000-8000, packaging products, such as using manual sorting can only around 150-200 pieces per hour sorting, sorting workers cannot work 8 hours also can't more than the labor intensity.
(2) the classification of the automatic sorting and transmission control system failure rate is extremely low, automatic sorting and classification error of transmission control system mainly depends on the size of the input size, the accuracy of information input, in turn, depends on the classification mechanism, using manual keyboard input or voice recognition methods, the error rate is more than 3%, such as using the barcode scanning input, unless the barcode printing turned around and there is an error, otherwise it will not go wrong.Therefore, automatic sorting and transmission control system mainly using bar code technology to identify the goods.
(3) most about sorting operation basically realize unmanned, automatic sorting and abroad to establish the purpose of the transfer of control system is mainly in order to reduce the use of personnel, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and through this device to improve the work efficiency of staff, so the automatic sorting and transmission control system can reduce the use of personnel, basic is the use of unmanned, under the condition of the population growth in some countries, it is very conducive to economic growth.Don't need to use automatic sorting itself, the personnel is limited to use vehicles to transport in the place where the beginning and end of the sorting, automatic sorting and controlled by the artificial transmission control system, through the manual for maintenance and maintenance.
Data shows, the us company sorting center covers an area of about 100000 square metre, they use automatic sorting and transfer of control system can sort about 400000 items every day, but only I probably work personnel, automatic sorting and transmission control system into basic makes it achieve humanization assignment.
Automatic sorting and transmission control system reliability, superiority, and its application field and the economic benefits of automatic sorting and transmission control system, the cost is many aspects, such as automatic control system of sorting and transfer to consider the application prospect.
    Due to the use of automatic sorting and transmission control system the user must have certain technical and economic conditions, therefore, in the developed countries, logistics center, accessories, or circulation center didn't use the phenomenon of the automatic sorting system is common.Automatic sorting and transmission control system because of some problems of its own, to some extent, limits its application field and scope.The introduction of automatic sorting system and construction of the following conditions must be considered.
Control system of automatic sorting and transmit the huge one-time investment, its itself needs to create a short 40 ~ 50 meters, mechanical transmission line 150 ~ 200 meters long, and form a complete set of mechanical and electronic integration control system, computer network and communication system, the system not only covers an area of big, and the general automatic sorting system is different also, the general automatic sorting system is set up in the warehouse, so the automatic sorting and transmission control system to establish such a 3 ~ 4 storeys high warehouse, warehouse inside need equipped with a variety of automated processing facilities, his investment is equivalent to in establishing an automation company.Moreover, this kind of investment is not profitable in prophase, it will take years to recover the cost, so, this project is no money for a few small companies to invest in the construction. Automatic sorting and transfer of control system for commodity packaging requirements are high, there are a lot of goods not for automatic sorting, automatic sorting and transmission control system applies only to sort of flat at the bottom of the packing of the products and strict rules.Packaged goods, soft and uneven on the bottom of the packing of goods, packing is very easy to deformation, easy to damage, long, slender, overweight, ultra high, not overthrow the sorting of goods can't use normal automatic sorting system, so in order to make full use of the products used in packaging machinery, can take two measures: one is the implementation of standardized packaging, the packaging of goods to meet the national standards as far as possible, secondly, according to the features of most goods packaging unified custom characteristic of automatic sorting and transmission control system, customized characteristics of automatic sorting and distribution control system, and make the system's hardware costs rise, and characteristics of the system cannot be put into use in the market a lot of.So the company according to the factors such as the situation of the goods and money to consider whether you need to resume the trait of automatic sorting and transmission control system.
Automatic sorting and the size of the transmission system and ability has very big development, the current large sorting system most sorting dozens to hundreds of articles, classification capacity of around ten thousand pieces for more than an hour.Relative to the domestic and foreign automatic sorting and transmission control system of large, mainly including the feed table, signal board, the sorting machine, the sorting information identification system, equipment control system and computer management system and so on several parts, also equipped with all kinds of transportation and loading and unloading machinery, forming a huge and complicated system.Most automatic sorting and distribution control systems and automated stereoscopic warehouse, with automatic car boot, drag chain trolley and other complex systems, the classification system of the overall layout, can say is protean. Europe and the United States on the automatic sorting and transmission control system development first, technology is mature, now is a world leader.In the '60 s in the us and Europe began to use automatic sorting and transmission control system, automatic sorting and transmission control system in the development in Japan after the second world war began, in nearly a decade or two years due to the rapid economic development in our country, therefore, the automatic sorting technology is also in constant progress of development in our country, our country in 1970-1985 a total of 338 sets of automatic sorting machine is put into operation, including storage and transportation industry accounted for 58.32%, sales accounted for 17.15%.In 1987 our country already has 1000 sets of automatic sorting machine, arguably the country with the most automatic sorting and transmission control system.
Automatic sorting technology and transmission control system in our country starts late, but after recent years of development, has barely keep up with international advanced level, but the lack of technology innovation ability, the coefficient of logistics limited the use of automatic sorting technology, most of the small supermarket distribution center still by manual sorting.In the 80 s, China's first is to use small semi automatic sorting system for some postal parcel sorting machine.The 11th Asian games in 1990 the introduction of a group from the Netherlands, there are three entrances, 60 export automatic sorting system, established the Beijing food distribution center, an hour to deliver 3000 pieces of goods, make the automatic sorting technology made in China had very great leap.Now sorting technology has been used in all walks of life in our country, make this link efficiency have been greatly improved.
     Post first started using automatic sorting and transmission control system, a lot of letters and mail parcel should be in a very short period of time the correct sorting, if there is no automatic sorting and transmission control system is impossible.Since then, transport enterprises, distribution center, communication publishing department, the department of tobacco, the publishing industry, food, chemical industry, paper industry, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing and various industrial enterprises have begun to introduce and use the automatic sorting and transmission control system.
     In the past 20 years, the logistics industry, in particular, with the development of economy and production, commodity became "short and hard working", the logistics cycle tend to small batch more varieties and timely.Sorting operation has become an important work link, sorting system is becoming more common.At present most of the distribution center and logistics enterprise is manual sorting.But with the increase of amount of sorting, increases in logistics, logistics delivery time is different, sorting time and improve the quality of our service, manual sorting already will not be able to meet the needs of mass distribution.So, in the above, automatic sorting and transmission control system still needs to be improved.Some foreign sorting distribution center has begun using sorting system, give full play to the sorting technology to quick sort, automatic sorting, low error rate, high efficiency, basically the advantages of fully automatic operation.Japanese logistics experts think that in our present-day user demand for a variety of small batch under the background of increasing gradually, the three main measures of logistics technology is automatic sorting machine, automated warehouse and unmanned automatic guided vehicles.Automatic sorting machine is one of the most close to the mature product, this is automatic sorting in the best position and status quo of logistics technology.Automatic sorting system become three main symbol of modern logistics.