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变频器的论述

www.bysj580.com / 2016-11-24
变频器的论述
Inverter on
  在日趋现代化的社会当中,机电一体化正朝着高性能、智能化、系统化以及轻量、微型化方向发展。一个较完善的机电一体化系统,应包含以下几个基本要素:机械本体、动力与驱动部分、执行机构、传感测试部分、控制及信息处理部分。在这当中有许多机电一体化的产物,譬如变频器就是很好的产物。
In modern society, electromechanical integration towards high performance, intelligent, systematic and lightweight, miniaturization direction. A perfect integration of machinery system, should include the following basic elements: mechanical body, motivation and drive, actuator, sensor, control and information processing. There is a product of many mechanical and electrical integration in the process, such as the frequency converter is a very good product.
  变频器是应用变频技术与微电子技术,通过改变电机工作电源频率方式来控制交流电动机的电力控制设备。变频器主要由整流(交流变直流)、滤波、逆变(直流变交流)、制动单元、驱动单元、检测单元微处理单元等组成。变频器靠内部IGBT的开断来调整输出电源的电压和频率,根据电机的实际需要来提供其所需要的电源电压,从而达到节能、调速的目的,另外,变频器还有很多的保护功能,如过流、过压、过载保护等等。随着工业自动化程度的不断提高,变频器也得到了非常广泛的应用。
Frequency converter is applied technology and microelectronic technology, electrical control equipment by changing the motor power frequency to control AC motor. The inverter by internal IGBT open to adjust the output voltage and frequency of the power supply, the power supply voltage needed to provide according to the actual needs of the motor, so as to achieve energy saving, the purpose of speed, in addition, the inverter has many protection functions, such as over-current, over-voltage, overload protection, etc.. With the development of industrial automation, the inverter is widely applied.
 
 概述
  主电路是给异步电动机提供调压调频电源的电力变换部分,变频器的主电路大体上可分为两类:电压型是将电压源的直流变换为交流的变频器,直流回路的滤波是电容。电流型是将电流源的直流变换为交流的变频器,其直流回路滤波是电感。 它由三部分构成,将工频电源变换为直流功率的“整流器”,吸收在变流器和逆变器产生的电压脉动的“平波回路”,以及将直流功率变换为交流功率的“逆变器”。
Summary
The main circuit of asynchronous motor is to provide adjustable power conversion part of frequency modulation and voltage of power supply, main circuit of inverter can be generally divided into two categories: voltage is DC voltage source inverter for AC, DC circuit is the filter capacitance. Current model is the DC current source for AC frequency converter, the DC circuit filter inductance. It consists of three parts, frequency power to DC power conversion "rectifier", absorbed in the converter and inverter generates a voltage ripple "flat wave circuit", and the DC power converter for AC power. "".
整流器
  最近大量使用的是二极管的变流器,它把工频电源变换为支流直流电源。也可用两组晶体管变流器构成可逆变流器,由于其功率方向可逆,可以进行再生运转。
Rectifier
Recently a large number are using diode converter, the power supply conversion to mainstream DC power supply. Also can use two group of transistor converters consisting of reversible converter, due to its power reversible direction, can be recycled.
平波回路
  在整流器整流后的直流电压中,含有电源6倍频率的脉动电压,此外逆变器产生的脉动电流也使直流电压变动。为了抑制电压波动,采用电感和电容吸收脉动电压(电流)。装置容量小时,如果电源和主电路构成器件有余量,可以省去电感采用简单的平波回路。
Flat wave circuit
In the rectifier DC voltage after rectification, ripple voltage with power 6 times frequency pulsating current generated by the inverter, in addition to DC voltage fluctuation. In order to suppress the voltage fluctuation, the inductance and capacitance voltage (current) absorbs pulsation. Device capacity hours, if the power supply and the main circuit devices have allowance, can save the inductance using flat wave circuit simple.
逆变器
  同整流器相反,逆变器是将直流功率变换为所要求频率的交流功率,以所确定的时间使6个开关器件导通、关断就可以得到3相交流输出。以电压型pwm逆变器为例示出开关时间和电压波形。
Inverter
In contrast with rectifier, inverter DC power converter is required for AC power frequency, with the determined time so that the 6 switching device turn-on, turn-off can get 3 phase AC output. The voltage PWM inverter for example shows the switching time and voltage waveform.
控制电路是给异步电动机供电(电压、频率可调)的主电路提供控制信号的回路,它有频率、电压的“运算电路”,主电路的“电压、电流检测电路”,电动机的“速度检测电路”,将运算电路的控制信号进行放大的“驱动电路”,以及逆变器和电动机的“保护电路”组成。
The control circuit is to supply the power to the induction motor (voltage, frequency adjustable) main circuit provides a control signal circuit, it has the frequency, voltage "operation circuit", the "main circuit of voltage, current detection circuit," "motor speed detection circuit", will be operational circuit control signals are amplified "drive circuit", and "inverter and motor protection circuit".
(1)运算电路:将外部的速度、转矩等指令同检测电路的电流、电压信号进行比较运算,决定逆变器的输出电压、频率。
(2)电压、电流检测电路:与主回路电位隔离检测电压、电流等。
(3)驱动电路:驱动主电路器件的电路。它与控制电路隔离使主电路器件导通、关断。
(4)速度检测电路:以装在异步电动机轴机上的速度检测器(tg、plg等)的信号为速度信号,送入运算回路,根据指令和运算可使电动机按指令速度运转。
(5)保护电路:检测主电路的电压、电流等,当发生过载或过电压等异常时,为了防止逆变器和异步电动机损坏,使逆变器停止工作或抑制电压、电流值。
(1) arithmetic circuits: external speed, torque command such as compared with the detection circuit of current, voltage signal operation, output voltage, frequency inverter.
(2) the voltage, current detection circuit and the main circuit: potential isolation test voltage, current etc..
(3) driving circuit: a circuit driving the main circuit device. It makes the main circuit and control circuit isolation device turn-on, turn-off.
(4) speed detection circuit: installed in the asynchronous motor shaft machine speed detector (TG, PLG) signal for speed signal, sent to the arithmetic circuit, according to the instruction and operation can make the motor run according to the instruction of speed.
(5) protection circuit: testing the main circuit voltage, current, when the overload or over voltage is abnormal, to prevent damaging the inverter and asynchronous motor, the inverter stop working or suppression of voltage, current value.
  变频器节能主要表现在风机、水泵的应用上。为了保证生产的可靠性,各种生产机械在设计配用动力驱动时,都留有一定的富余量。当电机不能在满负荷下运行时,除达到动力驱动要求外,多余的力矩增加了有功功率的消耗,造成电能的浪费。风机、泵类等设备传统的调速方法是通过调节入口或出口的挡板、阀门开度来调节给风量和给水量,其输入功率大,且大量的能源消耗在挡板、阀门的截流过程中。当使用变频调速时,如果流量要求减小,通过降低泵或风机的转速即可满足要求。
Inverter energy-saving is mainly manifested in the application of fan, water pump. In order to ensure the reliability of production, all kinds of production machinery in the design of power with drive, have a certain amount of surplus. When the motor is not operating under full load, in addition to the driving requirements, the extra torque increases power consumption, resulting in energy waste. Control method of fan, pumps and other equipment of traditional is regulated through the entrance or exit of the baffle, valve opening to regulate air and water, its high input power, and a large number of energy consumption in the interception process, the baffle valve. When using variable frequency speed regulation, if the flow rate is reduced, by reducing the pump or fan speed to meet the requirements.
  电动机使用变频器的作用就是为了调速,并降低启动电流。为了产生可变的电压和频率,该设备首先要把电源的交流电变换为直流电(DC),这个过程叫整流。把直流电(DC)变换为交流电(AC)的装置,其科学术语为“inverter”(逆变器)。一般逆变器是把直流电源逆变为一定的固定频率和一定电压的逆变电源。对于逆变为频率可调、电压可调的逆变器我们称为变频器。变频器输出的波形是模拟正弦波,主要是用在三相异步电动机调速用,又叫变频调速器。对于主要用在仪器仪表的检测设备中的波形要求较高的可变频率逆变器,要对波形进行整理,可以输出标准的正弦波,叫变频电源。一般变频电源是变频器价格的15--20倍。由于变频器设备中产生变化的电压或频率的主要装置叫“inverter”,故该产品本身就被命名为“inverter”,即:变频器。
The use of frequency converter motor function is to control, and reduce the starting current. In order to produce a variable voltage and frequency, the device must first to transform alternating current power supply for direct current (DC), this process is called rectification. The direct current (DC) converted to alternating current (AC) of the device, the scientific term for "inverter" (inverter). General inverter is the DC inverter to inverter power supply certain fixed frequency and voltage. For the inverter frequency adjustable, adjustable voltage inverter we called. The inverter output waveform is simulated sine wave, is mainly used in the speed control of three-phase asynchronous motor with frequency conversion governor, also called. For variable frequency inverter high requirement is mainly used in the detection equipment and instrument in the waveform, to sort out the waveform, can output the standard sine wave, called variable frequency power supply. General inverter power supply is 1520 times the price of inverter. As the main device changes the voltage or frequency converter device called "inverter", the product itself is named "inverter", namely: Inverter
 
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