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人类社会的生存和发展离不开能源。而能源则有多种形式，如热能、光能、化学能、机械能、电能和原子能等。其中，电能是最终要的能源之一，和其他能源形式相比具有明显的优点：适宜大量生产和集体管理、转换经济、传输和分配容易、便于自动控制；另外，它还是一种洁净能源，对坏境的污染非常小。因此，电能在农业生产、交通运输、科学技术、信息传输、国防建设以及日常生活等各个领域获得了极为广泛的应用。
电机是生产、传输、分配及应用电能的主要设备。电机是利用电磁感应原理工作的机械，它用途广泛，种类很多。常用的分类方法主要有两种：一种分类方法是按照能量转换值来分，可以分为发电机、电动机、变压器和控制电机四大类。发电机的功能是将机械能转换为电能。电动机的功能则是将电能转换为机械能，它可以作为拖动各种生产的动力，是国民经济各部门应用最多的动力机械，也是最主要的用电设备，各种用电所消耗的电能占全国总发电量的60%~70%。变压器的作用是将一种电压等级的电能转换为另一种电压等级的电能。控制电机主要作用用于信号的变换与传递，在各种自动化控制系统中作为等多种控制原件使用，如国防工业、数控机床、计算机外围设备、机器人和音像设备等均大量使用控制电机。
另一种分类方法是按照电机结构、转速或运动方式分类，可分为变压器、旋转电机和直线电机等。变压器是一种静止的电机。旋转电机根据电源电流种类的不同又可分为直流电机和交流电机两大类。交流电机又可分为同步电机和异步电机。同步电机转速恒为同步转速。电力系统中的发电机几乎都是同步电机。异步电机作为电动机运行时，其转速低于同步转速；作为发电机运行时，其转速高于同步转速。异步电动机主要用作电动机。直线电动机就是把电能转换成直线运动的电机。直线电动机又可分为直线异步电动机、直线同步电动机、直线直流电动机和其他直线电动机。
一、电动机的结构是由定子和转子
定子：由铁心、绕组与机座三部分组成。定子铁心是电动机磁路的一部分，它是由0.5mm的硅钢片叠压而成，片与片之间是绝缘的，以减少涡流损耗，定子铁心的硅钢片的内圆冲有定子槽，槽中安放绕组，硅钢片铁心在叠压后称为一个整体，固定于机座上。定子绕组是电动机的电路部分，由许多线圈连接而成，每个线圈有两个有效边，分别放在两个槽里。三相对称绕组AX，BY，CZ可连接成星型或三角形。机座主要用于固定与支撑定子铁心。中小型异步电动机一般采用铸铁机座。根据不同的冷却方式采用不同的机座形式
转子：转子由铁心与绕组组成。转子铁心压装在转轴上，由硅钢片叠压而成，转子硅钢片冲片，转子铁心也是电动机磁路的一部分，转子铁心、气隙与定子铁心构成电动机的完整磁路。异步电动机转子绕组多采用鼠笼式，它是在转子铁心槽里插入铜条，再将全部铜条两端焊在两个铜端环上而组成，小型鼠笼式转子绕组多用铝离心浇注而成。这不仅是以铝代铜，而且制造也快。
异步电动机的转子绕组除了鼠笼式外还有线绕式，线绕式转子绕组与定子绕组一样，由线圈组成绕组放入转子铁心槽里，转子绕组一般是连接成星型的三相绕组，转子绕组组成的磁极数与定子相同，绕线式转子通过轴上的滑环和电刷在转子回路中接入外加电阻，
二、相异步电动机的工作原理
三相交流电流的电动机的定子绕组通入三相交流电，就会产生一个旋转磁场，旋放磁场的磁力线通过定子铁芯、气隙和转子铁苡构成回路。异步电动机转子绕组导体由于相对于旋转磁场运动，就会因切割磁力线而感应电动势，因而转子绕组就会流过电流。载流的转子绕组导体在旋转磁场中会受到电磁力的作用。在电磁力形成的电磁转矩作用下，电动机转子就沿着旋转磁场的方风转动起来。
三、电机的定期维护和保养
为了保证电机正常工作，除了按操作规程正常使用、运行过程中注意正常监视和维护外，还应该进行定期检查，做好电机维护保养工作。这样可以及时消除一些毛病，防止故障发生，保证电机安全可靠地运行。定期维护的时间间隔可根据电机的形式考虑使用环境决定。
定期维护的内容如下。
1、清擦电机。及时清除电机机座外部的灰尘、油泥。如使用环境灰尘较多，最好每天清扫一次。
2、检查和清擦电机接线端子。检查接线盒接线螺丝是否松动、烧伤。
3、检查各固定部分螺丝，包括地脚螺丝、端盖螺丝、轴承盖螺丝等。将松动的螺母拧紧。
4、检查传动装置、检查皮带轮或联轴器有无魄力、损坏，安装是否牢固；皮带及其联结扣是否完好。
5、电机的启动设备，也要及时清擦外部灰尘、你够，擦拭触头，检查各接线部位是否有烧伤痕迹，接地线是否良好。
6、轴承的检查与维护。轴承在使用一段时间后应该清洗，更换润滑脂或润滑油。清洗和换油的时间，应随电机的工作情况，工作环境，清洁程度，润滑剂种类而定，一半每工作3-6个月，应该清洗一次，重新换润滑脂。油温较高时，或者环境条件差、灰尘较多的电机要经常清洗、换油。
7、绝缘情况的检查。绝缘材料的绝缘能力因干燥程度不同而异，所以检查电机绕组的干燥是非常重要的。电机工作环境潮湿、工作间有腐蚀性气体等因素存在，都会破坏电绝缘。最常见的是绕组接地故障，即绝缘损坏，使带电部分与机壳等不应带电的金属部分相碰，发生这种故障，不仅影响电机正常工作，还会危及人身安全。所以，电机在使用中，应经常检查绝缘电阻，还要注意查看电机机壳接地是否可靠。
8、除了按上述几项内容对电机进行定期维护外，运行一年后要大修一次。大修的目的在于，对电机进行一次彻底、全面的检查、维护，增补电机缺少、磨损的元件，彻底消除电机内外的灰尘、污物，检查绝缘情况，清洗轴承并检查其磨损情况。发现问题，及时处理。
一般来说，只要使用正确，维护得当，发现故障及时处理，电机的工作寿命是很长的。
随着人类的不断发展我相信电动机一定会在我们的生活中扮演越来越重要的角色。
原文：
Motor
The survival and development of human society is inseparable from energy. And then there are various forms of energy, such as heat energy, light energy, chemical energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy and atomic energy. Among them, electrical energy is one of the final energy, compared with other forms of energy has obvious advantages : suitable for mass production and conversion of collective management of transmission and distribution, economic, easy, convenient automatic control; in addition, it is a kind of clean energy, the environment pollution is very small. Therefore, the power in various agricultural production, transportation, science and technology, information transmission, national defense and daily life and other fields are widely used in many fields.
The motor is the production, transmission, distribution and main equipment for power applications. The motor is the use of mechanical work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, its wide range of uses, many types of. There are two main kinds of classification methods: a kind of classification method according to the value of energy transformation, can be divided into generators, motors, transformers
Motor
The survival and development of human society is inseparable from energy. And then there are various forms of energy, such as heat energy, light energy, chemical energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy and atomic energy. Among them, electrical energy is one of the final energy, compared with other forms of energy has obvious advantages : suitable for mass production and conversion of collective management of transmission and distribution, economic, easy, convenient automatic control; in addition, it is a kind of clean energy, the environment pollution is very small. Therefore, the power in various agricultural production, transportation, science and technology, information transmission, national defense and daily life and other fields are widely used in many fields.
The motor is the production, transmission, distribution and main equipment for power applications. The motor is the use of mechanical work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, its wide range of uses, many types of. There are two main kinds of classification methods: a kind of classification method according to the value of energy transformation, can be divided into generators, motors, transformers
and motor control four categories. The generator function is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Motor function is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, which can be used as driving a variety of production, is the power of each department of national economy the application is the most, and it is also the main electrical equipment, various consumed by electric power accounts for the total generating capacity of 60%~70%. Transformer is the role of a voltage level of electrical energy is converted to a voltage level of power. The main function of control motor used for signal transformation and transmission, in all kinds of automation control system and other control as original use, such as national defense industry, CNC machine tools, computer peripheral equipment, robots and audio-visual equipment are widely used to control motor.
Another way of classification according to the structure of the motor, speed or movement, can be divided into transformers, rotary motor and linear motor. Transformer is a stationary motor. Rotary motor according to current species can be divided into different DC motor and AC motor two categories. AC motor can be divided into synchronous and asynchronous motor. Synchronous motor speed constant for the synchronous speed. The generators in the power system are almost synchronous motor. Asynchronous motor as when the
Another way of classification according to the structure of the motor, speed or movement, can be divided into transformers, rotary motor and linear motor. Transformer is a stationary motor. Rotary motor according to current species can be divided into different DC motor and AC motor two categories. AC motor can be divided into synchronous and asynchronous motor. Synchronous motor speed constant for the synchronous speed. The generators in the power system are almost synchronous motor. Asynchronous motor as when the
motor is running, the speed is lower than the synchronous speed; the generator operation, its speed is higher than the synchronous speed. Asynchronous motor is mainly used for motor. Linear motor is the electrical energy is converted into electric linear motion. Linear motor can be divided into linear induction motor, linear synchronous motor, DC motor and linear motor.
One, the structure of the motor is composed of stator and rotor stator: consists of a core, winding and the base of three parts. The stator core is part of the motor circuit, it is made of laminated silicon steel sheet 0.5mm and pressing, between the slices are insulated, to reduce eddy current loss, a stator slot round steel sheet of the stator iron core, as shown in Figure 5.2, groove arranged winding, silicon steel sheet is called a overall in the laminated, fixed on the frame. The stator winding is part of the circuit of motor, by a number of coil connected together, each coil has two active edge, respectively in the two slot. Three-phase symmetrical windings AX, BY, CZ can be connected into a star or triangle. The base is mainly used for fixing and supporting the stator core. Small and medium-sized asynchronous motor generally adopts cast-iron. According to the different cooling ways using the base form different rotor rotor core and windings composed by. The rotor iron core pressure mounted on a rotating shaft, a silicon steel laminations, rotor
One, the structure of the motor is composed of stator and rotor stator: consists of a core, winding and the base of three parts. The stator core is part of the motor circuit, it is made of laminated silicon steel sheet 0.5mm and pressing, between the slices are insulated, to reduce eddy current loss, a stator slot round steel sheet of the stator iron core, as shown in Figure 5.2, groove arranged winding, silicon steel sheet is called a overall in the laminated, fixed on the frame. The stator winding is part of the circuit of motor, by a number of coil connected together, each coil has two active edge, respectively in the two slot. Three-phase symmetrical windings AX, BY, CZ can be connected into a star or triangle. The base is mainly used for fixing and supporting the stator core. Small and medium-sized asynchronous motor generally adopts cast-iron. According to the different cooling ways using the base form different rotor rotor core and windings composed by. The rotor iron core pressure mounted on a rotating shaft, a silicon steel laminations, rotor
silicon-steel sheet, a portion of the rotor core is the complete motor magnetic circuit, magnetic rotor, air-gap and a stator iron core of motor. Asynchronous motor rotor winding with cage, it is inserted into the copper strip in the rotor iron core slot, then all the copper bars are respectively welded on the two copper end rings and the composition, the small squirrel cage rotor winding aluminum centrifugal casting. This is not only the generation of copper to aluminum, and the manufacturing is also fast. The rotor winding asynchronous motor in addition to cage outside cable wound, wound rotor winding and stator winding, by the coil winding in the rotor iron core slot in the rotor winding is connected, a three-phase winding star, composed of the number of poles and rotor winding stator, winding rotor through the shaft. The slip ring and brush in the rotor circuit access external resistance,
The stator winding of the motor working principle of three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor two, the pass into the three-phase alternating current, can produce a rotating magnetic field, magnetic spin up the field through the stator core, the air gap and the rotor iron to form a loop. Asynchronous motor rotor winding conductors due to relative to the rotating magnetic field motor, will cut the magnetic line of force and induced electromotive force, thus the rotor winding will flow through the current. The rotor winding conductor current-carrying is affected by electromagnetic force in a rotating magnetic field effect. Electromagnetic torque role in the formation of the electromagnetic force, the rotor of the motor rotating magnetic field along the wind rotation.
Three, regular maintenance and maintenance of motor in order to ensure the normal work of the motor according to the operating rules, in addition to normal use, operation process of normal monitoring and maintenance, should also be checked regularly, make motor maintenance. This can eliminate some problems, prevent faults, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the motor. Regular maintenance intervals according to the motor form consider the use of environment decision. Regular maintenance of the contents are as follows. 1, cleaning machine. The dust, the timely removal of the motor frame external sludge. Such as the use of the environment a lot of dust, the best daily cleaning time. 2, inspection and cleaning of motor terminals. Check whether the loosening of screws, junction box burn. 3, check the fixed part of the screw, including anchor bolts, screws, end cover bearing cover screws. Will loose nut. 4, check the drive device, check the pulley or coupling has no courage, damage, installation is firm; the belt and the connecting tab is intact. 5, the motor starting device, but also a timely cleaning external dust, you have enough, wiping contacts, check the connection parts are burn marks, the grounding wire is good. 6, bearing inspection and maintenance. Bearings should be cleaned after a period of use, the replacement of grease or oil. Wash and drain time, should be with the motor working condition, working environment, clean degree, lubricant type, half of each 3-6 months, should be clean, replace grease. The oil temperature is higher, the motor or poor environmental conditions, a lot of dust should be cleaned regularly, change the oil. 7, insulation inspection. Insulating material insulating ability because of dry degree varies, so check the motor winding drying is very important. The motor working environment moisture, work with corrosive gases and other factors, will damage the electrical insulation. The most common is the winding ground fault, namely the insulation damage, make the live part and a casing should not be charged metal part of the collision, the occurrence of this fault, not only affects the normal work of the motor, but also endanger the personal safety. Therefore, the motor is in use, should always check the insulation resistance, but also pay attention to check the motor casing grounding is reliable. 8, in addition to the regular maintenance of the motor according to the above items, after one year of operation to overhaul. Overhaul aims, a thorough, comprehensive examination, motor maintenance, supplementary motor, the lack of wear components, eliminate dust and dirt, motor, check the insulation, cleaning bearings and check its wear. Found the problem, timely treatment. In general, if used correctly, proper maintenance, fault found in time, working life of the motor is very long.
With the continuous development of human being I believe motor will play an increasingly important role in our life.