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物联网
物联网描述了这样一个世界：人们周围布满了互相连接在一起的机器，通过这些机器人们可以和数码世界进行交流。为了实现这一美好前景，人们需要适应这种多设备的环境，同时网络也要知道“谁”是用户。
SWIFT为这个问题提供了解决方案：把虚拟身份作为独立于设备之外的交流所需的终端信息。提出这一概念的直接影响就是，在一个人们被机器包围的世界里，只有用户的虚拟身份和数字影像才是被认可的终端信息，而且用户可以用一个用户名和多个设备同时进行无缝隙交流。
在物联网上，通过一个认证进程，用户可以把虚拟标识变成临时的或者是长期的设备认证进程，而且用户可以使用所有设备提供的服务，不管这个设备是公共的还是个人的，甚至不管它是不是自己的。
一个临时的随时会变动的信息交流也要求有可用性的目的，而要经常使用一个很复杂的认证方式，由于设备本身的特性或者其它规定，这显然不大可能。这种结构虽然没有第一种安全和强大，但是它允许用户在设备上进行一些不太重要的操作。我们也可以预见一种长期的联系方式，这种联系方式适用于用户是设备的拥有者而且每天都要用到这些设备。我们可以设想成一只手表或一部手机，这些设备不需要经常认证，而且可以被其它设备当成用户的数字影像的一部分。
1.定义内涵: 物联网的英文名称为The Internet of Things,简称：IOT。物联网通过传器、射频识别技术、全球定位系统等技术，实时采集任何需要监控、连接、互动的物体或过程，采集其声、光、热、电、力学、化学、生物、位置等各种需要的信息，通过各类可能的网络接入，实现物与物、物与人的泛在链接，实现对物品和过程的智能化感知、识别和管理。物联网是通过智能感知、识别技术与普适计算、泛在网络的融合应用，被称为继计算机、互联网之后世界信息产业发展的第三次浪潮。与其说物联网是网络，不如说物联网是业务和应用，物联网也被视为互联网的应用拓展。因此应用创新是物联网发展的核心，以用户体验为核心的创新2.0是物联网发展的灵魂。
2.“物”的涵义:这里的“物”要满足以下条件才能够被纳入“物联网”的范围：（1）要有相应信息的接收器；（2）要有数据传输通路；（3）要有一定的存储功能；（4）要有CPU；（5）要有操作系统；(6)要有专门的应用程序；(7)要有数据发送器；(8)遵循物联网的通信协议；(9)在世界网络中有可被识别的唯一编号。
3.“中国式”定义物联网(Internet of Things)指的是将无处不在（Ubiquitous）的末端设备（Devices）和设施（Facilities），包括具备“内在智能”的传感器、移动终端、工业系统、楼控系统、家庭智能设施、视频监控系统等、和“外在使能”(Enabled)的，如贴上RFID的各种资产（Assets）、携带无线终端的个人与车辆等等“智能化物件或动物”或“智能尘埃”（Mote），通过各种无线和/或有线的长距离和/或短距离通讯网络实现互联互通（M2M）、应用大集成（Grand Integration）、以及基于云计算的SaSa营运等模式，在内网（Intranet）、专网（Extranet）、和/或互联网（Internet）环境下，采用适当的信息安全保障机制，提供安全可控乃至个性化的实时在线监测、定位追溯、报警联动、调度指挥、预案管理、远程控制、安全防范、远程维保、在线升级、统计报表、决策支持、领导桌面(集中展示的Cockpit Dashboard)等管理和服务功能，实现对“万物”的“高效、节能、安全、环保”的“管、控、营”一体化[1]。
4.变化 ：物联网(Internet of Things)这个词，国内外普遍公认的是MIT Auto-ID中心Ashton教授1999年在研究RFID时最早提出来的。在2005年国际电信联盟（ITU）发布的同名报告中，物联网的定义和范围已经发生了变化，覆盖范围有了较大的拓展，不再只是指基于RFID技术的物联网。 自2009年8月温家宝总理提出“感知中国”以来,物联网被正式列为国家五大新兴战略性产业之一，写入“政府工作报告”，物联网在中国受到了全社会极大的关注，其受关注程度是在美国、欧盟、以及其他各国不可比拟的。 物联网的概念与其说是一个外来概念，不如说它已经是一个“中国制造”的概念，他的覆盖范围与时俱进，已经超越了1999年Ashton教授和2005年ITU报告所指的范围，物联网已被贴上“中国式”标签。  
5.原理：物联网是在计算机互联网的基础上，利用RFID、无线数据通信等技术，构造一个覆盖世界上万事万物的“Internet of Things”。在这个网络中，物品(商品)能够彼此进行“交流”，而无需人的干预。其实质是利用射频自动识别(RFID) 技术，通过计算机互联网实现物品(商品)的自动识别和信息的互联与共享。
物联网中非常重要的技术是射频识别（RFID）技术。RFID是射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification）技术英文缩写，是20世纪90年代开始兴起的一种自动识别技术，是目前比较先进的一种非接触识别技术。以简单RFID系统为基础，结合已有的网络技术、数据库技术、中间件技术等，构筑一个由大量联网的阅读器和无数移动的标签组成的，比Internet更为庞大的物联网成为RFID技术发展的趋势。
而 RFID，正是能够让物品“开口说话”的一种技术。在“物联网”的构想中，RFID标签中存储着规范而具有互用性的信息，通过无线数据通信网络把它们自动采集到中央信息系统，实现物品(商品)的识别，进而通过开放性的计算机网络实现信息交换和共享，实现对物品的“透明”管理。
信息化革命的浪潮，物联网被称为信息技术移动泛在化的一个具体应用。物联网通过智能感知、识别技术与普适计算、泛在网络的融合应用，打破了之前的传统思维，人类可以实现无所不在的计算和网络连接[3]。传统的思路一直是将物理基础设施和IT基础设施分开：一方面是机场、公路、建筑物，而另一方面是数据中心，个人电脑、宽带等。而在“物联网”时代，钢筋混凝土、电缆将与芯片、宽带整合为统一的基础设施，在此意义上，基础设施更像是一块新的地球工地，世界的运转就在它上面进行，其中包括经济管理、生产运行、社会管理乃至个人生活。“物联网”使得人们可以更加精细和动态的方式管理生产和生活，管理未来的城市，达到“智慧”状态，提高资源利用率和生产力水平，改善人与自然间的关系。
6. 物联网4大关键领域：（1） RFID；（2）传感网；（3）M2M；（4）两化融合。
7.用途：物联网用途广泛，遍及智能交通、环境保护、政府工作、公共安全、平安家居、智能消防、工业监测、环境监测、老人护理、个人健康、花卉栽培、水系监测、食品溯源、敌情侦查和情报搜集等多个领域。
国际电信联盟于2005年的一份报告曾描绘“物联网”时代的图景：当司机出现操作失误时汽车会自动报警；公文包会提醒主人忘带了什么东西；衣服会“告诉”洗衣机对颜色和水温的要求等等。亿博物流咨询生动的介绍物联网在物流领域内的应用，例如一家物流公司应用了物联网系统的货车，当装载超重时，汽车会自动告诉你超载了，并且超载多少，但空间还有剩余，告诉你轻重货怎样搭配；当搬运人员卸货时，一只货物包装可能会大叫“你扔疼我了”，或者说“亲爱的，请你不要太野蛮，可以吗？”；当司机在和别人扯闲话，货车会装作老板的声音怒吼“笨蛋，该发车了！”
物联网把新一代IT技术充分运用在各行各业之中，具体地说，就是把感应器嵌入和装备到电网、铁路、桥梁、隧道、公路、建筑、供水系统、大坝、油气管道等各种物体中，然后将“物联网”与现有的互联网整合起来，实现人类社会与物理系统的整合，在这个整合的网络当中，存在能力超级强大的中心计算机群，能够对整合网络内的人员、机器、设备和基础设施实施实时的管理和控制，在此基础上，人类可以以更加精细和动态的方式管理生产和生活，达到“智慧”状态，提高资源利用率和生产力水平，改善人与自然间的关系。
毫无疑问，如果“物联网”时代来临，人们的日常生活将发生翻天覆地的变化。然而，不谈什么隐私权和辐射问题，单把所有物品都植入识别芯片这一点现在看来还不太现实。人们正走向“物联网”时代，但这个过程可能需要很长的时间。

Internet of Things
The Internet of Things describes a world where humans are surrounded by machines that communicate with each other and can allow people to interact with the digital world. To succeed in this vision, it is not only the people who need an understanding of this multi-device environment, but also the network needs a representation of “who” the user is. SWIFT provides a solution to this problem by considering the virtual identity as the endpoint of communication,independent of the device. The direct impact of this concept is that, in a world where humans are
surrounded by machines, it is the user’s virtual identity and digital shadow that is understood as consistent endpoint information; allowing users to interact with several devices, seamlessly, under one name.Users project their virtual identity onto devices in the Internet of Things by an authentication process, a temporary feeble association or a long term relation. The authentication process will allow a user to employ the services any device, public or not, as if it were its own. A temporary volatile type of association is also required for usability purposes. It is often not
possible to perform a strong authentication because of the nature of the device or the context in which it is being used. This type of association, while not as secure and strong as the first, will still allow the user to perform some non-critical operations on that device. We also envision a long term kind of association. This type of relation should be used when the user is the owner of the device and the device is of everyday use. We can think of a watch or phone, which, while not requiring constant authentication, is recognized by other devices as part of the user’s digital shadow.
  1.the definition of connotation The English name of the Internet of Things The Internet of Things, referred to as: the IOT.Internet of Things through the pass, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning system technology, real-time acquisition of any monitoring, connectivity, interactive objects or processes, collecting their sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, the location of a variety of the information you need network access through a variety of possible things and things, objects and people in the Pan-link intelligent perception of items and processes, identification and management. The Internet of Things IntelliSense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the third wave of the world's information industry development following the computer, the Internet. Not so much the Internet of Things is a network, as Internet of Things services and applications, Internet of Things is also seen as Internet application development. Therefore, the application of innovation is the core of the development of Internet of Things, and 2.0 of the user experience as the core innovation is the soul of Things.
 2.The meaning of "material" Where the "objects" to meet the following conditions can be included in the scope of the "Internet of Things"（1）Receiver have the appropriate information;（2）.Have a data transmission path;（3） Have a certain storage capabilities;（4） To have the CPU（5）To have the operating system;（6）. Have specialized applications; （7）. Have a data transmitter; （8）. Follow the communication protocol of Things;（9）. World Network, a unique number that can be identified.
3. "Chinese style" as defined in Internet of Things (Internet of Things) refers to is the ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) terminal equipment (Devices) and facilities (Facilities), including with the "inner intelligence" sensors, mobile terminals, industrial systems, floor control system, the family of Intelligent facilities, video surveillance systems, and external can "(Enabled), such as RFID, a variety of assets (the Assets), personal and vehicle carrying the wireless terminal" intelligent objects or animals "or" smart dust "(the Mote), through a variety of wireless and / or cable over long distances and / or short-range communication networks to achieve interoperability (M2M), application integration (the Grand Integration), and based on cloud computing, SaaS operation mode, in internal network (intranet), private network (extranet), and / or the Internet (Internet) environment, the use of appropriate information security mechanisms to provide a safe, controlled and even personalized real-time online monitoring, retrospective positioning, alarm linkage, command and control plan management, remote control, security, remote repair and maintenance, online upgrades, statistical reporting, decision support, the leadership of the desktop (showcase of the Cockpit Dashboard) management and service functions, "Everything," "efficient, energy saving, security environmental protection, "" possession, control, Camp integration .
4.Principle Internet of Things is on the basis of the computer Internet, RFID, wireless data communications technology, to construct a cover everything in the world's "Internet of Things". In this network, the goods (products) to each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention. Its essence is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet.
  The Internet of Things is a very important technology is radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID is radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification) technology abbreviation, is an automatic identification technology in the 1990s began to rise, the more advanced a non-contact identification technology. The development of RFID technology based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, to build a one composed by a large number of networked readers and numerous mobile label, much larger than the Internet of Things trend.
RFID, It is able to let items "speak" a technique. In the "Internet of Things" concept, RFID tags are stored in the specification and interoperability information collected automatically by wireless data communications network to a central information system, to achieve the identification of goods (products), and then through the open computer network for information exchange and sharing, items "transparent" management.
 The information technology revolution in the Internet of Things is referred to as IT mobile Pan of a specific application. Internet of Things through IntelliSense, identification technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network convergence applications, breaking the conventional thinking before, human beings can achieve ubiquitous computing and network connectivity [3]. The traditional thinking has been the separation of physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: on the one hand, airports, roads, buildings, while on the other hand, the data center, PC, broadband. In the era of the "Internet of Things", reinforced concrete, cable with the chip, broadband integration into a unified infrastructure, in this sense, the infrastructure is more like a new site of the Earth, the world really works it, which including economic management, production operation, social and even personal life. "Internet of Things" makes it much more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to manage the future of the city to achieve the status of "wisdom" to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve the relationship between man and nature.
5.change: The Internet of Things (Internet of Things) the word universally recognized at home and abroad Ashton, Professor of the MIT Auto-ID Center in 1999 first proposed to study RFID. The report of the same name released in 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the definition and scope of the Internet of Things has been a change in the coverage of a larger expansion, no longer refers only to the Internet of Things based on RFID technology.
Since August 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward the "Experience China" Internet of Things was officially listed as a national one of the five emerging strategic industries, to write the "Government Work Report" Internet of Things in China has been the great concern of the society as a whole degree of concern is unparalleled in the United States, European Union, as well as other countries.
 The concept of Internet of Things is not so much a foreign concept, as it has been the concept of a "Made in China", his coverage of the times, has gone beyond the scope of the 1999 Ashton professor and the 2005 ITU report referred to, Internet of Things has been labeled a "Chinese style" label.
6.Internet of Things 4 key areas:(1) RFID;(2) sensor network;(3) The M2M; (4) integration of the two.
7.Uses: Things widely used throughout the intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government, public safety, peace at home, smart fire, industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring, elderly care, personal health, floriculture, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy detection and intelligence collection and other fields.
 International Telecommunication Union in 2005, a report has portrayed the picture of the era of the "Internet of Things": car when the driver operational errors will automatically alarm; briefcase will remind the owner forgot something; clothes will "tell" washing machine color and water temperature requirements. Billion Bo logistics consulting vivid introduction of Things in the logistics field, for example, a logistics company, application of Things truck, when loading overweight, the car will automatically tell you overloaded and overload how many, but the space remaining , the severity of goods with how to tell you; when handling staff unloading a cargo packaging may be shouting "throw you hurt me", or "My dear, you do not get too barbaric, you can?"; when the driver and others gossip, trucks will pretend boss's voice roaring "stupid, the grid!
 Internet of things to make full use of a new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among, specifically, is embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, etc.kinds of objects, and then "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to integrate and realize the integration of human society and the physical system, which in this integrated network, there is the ability to super-powerful central computer cluster, integrated network staff implementation of real-time management and control of the machinery, equipment and infrastructure, on this basis, the human can be more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to achieve the status of the "wisdom", to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve human the relationship between the natural.
There is no doubt that if the "Internet of Things" era, people's daily lives will have seen dramatic changes. However, the talk about privacy and radiation, the single-All items are implanted identification chip that now seems unrealistic. Is moving toward the era of the "Internet of Things", but this process may take a very long time.